Beyond the Five Freedoms: Animal Welfare at Modern Zoological Facilities

The current manuscript highlights the aspects of an animal welfare program for a modern zoological facility. should be proactive to identify areas continuous improvement as well reactive address any identified concerns. go beyond five freedoms and utilize one more frameworks foundation program. have committee where staff can submit concerns without fear retaliation. Ongoing monitoring all individual animals both positive negative indicators welfare. Staff trained on most science able understand key concepts about Facilities also new scientific findings continuously improve care practices. Modern institutions, including zoos aquariums, ethical responsibility provide high levels under their professional care. Simply meeting minimum standards developed decades ago is not adequate, opportunity thrive.